Going from Japanese to Tagalog (Filipino) has a composite linguistic distance of 85% (heuristic estimate). Below is the dimension-by-dimension breakdown.
Shared vocabulary, cognates, and loanwords.
Morphology, syntax, word order, cases.
Shared sounds and phoneme inventory.
Japanese → Latin
Japonic ↔ Austronesian
The 5 languages with the lowest linguistic distance from Japanese:
A quick 3-question check between Japanese and Tagalog. No signup.