Going from Punjabi to Luxembourgish (Lëtzebuergesch) has a composite linguistic distance of 73% (heuristic estimate). Below is the dimension-by-dimension breakdown.
Shared vocabulary, cognates, and loanwords.
Morphology, syntax, word order, cases.
Shared sounds and phoneme inventory.
Gurmukhi/Arabic → Latin
Indo-European ↔ Indo-European
The 5 languages with the lowest linguistic distance from Punjabi:
A quick 3-question check between Punjabi and Luxembourgish. No signup.