Going from Punjabi to Tagalog (Filipino) has a composite linguistic distance of 87% (heuristic estimate). Below is the dimension-by-dimension breakdown.
Shared vocabulary, cognates, and loanwords.
Morphology, syntax, word order, cases.
Shared sounds and phoneme inventory.
Gurmukhi/Arabic → Latin
Indo-European ↔ Austronesian
The 5 languages with the lowest linguistic distance from Punjabi:
A quick 3-question check between Punjabi and Tagalog. No signup.